Archive for January 2011
Nails
January 30, 2011 | 
Author Nails
Introduction:
The nails are present at the end of each finger tip on the dorsal surface.The main function of nail is protection and it also helps for a firm grip for holding articles.It consists of a strong relatively flexible keratinous nail plate originating from the nail matrix. Under the nail plate there is a soft tissue called nail bed.Between the skin and nail plate there is a nail fold or cuticle.Normal healthy nail is slight pink in colour and the surface is convex from side to side.Finger nails grow 1 cm in three months and toe nails take 24 months for the same.
Importance of nails in disease diagnosis:
The colour ,appearance,shape and nature of the nails give some information about the general health and hygiene of a person . Nails are examined as a routine by all doctors to get some clues about underlying diseases.Just looking at nails we can makeout the hygiene of a person.The abnormal nail may be congenital or due to some diseases.The cause for changes in the nail extend from simple reasons to life threatening diseases.Hence the examination by a doctor is essential for diagnosis .Some abnormal findings with probable causes are discussed here for general awareness.
1) Hygiene:-
We can make out an unhygienic nail very easily .Deposition of dirt under the distal end of nail plate can make a chance for ingestion of pathogens while eating.If nail cutting is not done properly it can result in worm troubles in children.When the worms crawl in the anal orifice children will scratch which lodges the ova of worms under the nails and will be taken in while eating.Prominent nail can also complicate a skin disease by habitual scratching.Sharp nails in small kids cause small wounds when they do feet kicking or hand waving.
2) Colour of the nails:-
a) Nails become pale in anaemia.
b) Opaque white discolouration(leuconychia) is seen in chronic renal failure and nephrotic syndrome.
c) Whitening is also seen in hypoalbuminaemia as in cirrhosis and kidney disorders.
d) Drugs like sulpha group,anti malarial and antibiotics ect can produce discolouration in the nails.
e) Fungal infection causes black discolouration.
f) In pseudomonas infection nails become black or green.
g) Nail bed infarction occures in vasculitis especially in SLE and polyarteritis.
h) Red dots are seen in nails due to splinter haemorrhages in subacute bacterial endo carditis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, collagen vascular diseases.
i) Blunt injury produces haemorrhage and causes blue/black discolouration.
j) Nails become brown in kidney diseases and in decreased adrenal activity.
k) In wilsons disease blue colour in semicircle appears in the nail.
l) When the blood supply decreases nail become yellow .In jaundice and psoriasis also nail become yellowish.
m) In yellow nail syndrome all nails become yellowish with pleural effusion.
3) Shape of nails:-
a) Clubbing: Here tissues at the base of nails are thickened and the angle between the nail base and the skin is obliterated. The nail becomes more convex and the finger tip becomes bulbous and looks like an end of a drumstick. When the condition becomes worse the nail looks like a parrot beak.
Causes of clubbing:-
Congenital Injuries
Severe chronic cyanosis
Lung diseases like empyema,bronchiactesis,carcinoma of bronchus and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Abdominal diseases like crohn’s disease,polyposis of colon,ulcerative colitis,liver cirrhosis ect…
Heart diseases like fallot’s tetralogy,subacute bacterial endocarditis and ect..
b) Koilonychia:-
Here the nails become concave like a spoon.This condition is seen in iron deficiency anaemia.In this condition the nails become thin,soft and brittle.The normal convexity will be replaced by concavity.
c) Longitudinal ridging is seen in raynaud’s disease.
d) Cuticle becomes ragged in dermatomyositis.
e) Nail fold telangiectasia is a sign in dermatomyositis ,systemic sclerosis and SLE.
4) Structure and consistancy:-
a) Fungal infection of nail causes discolouration,deformity,hypertrophy and abnormal brittleness.
b) Thimble pitting of nail is charecteristic of psoriasis ,acute eczema and alopecia aereata.
c) The inflamation of cuticle or nail fold is called paronychia.
d) Onycholysis is the seperation of nail bed seen in psoriasis,infection and after taking tetracyclines.
e) Destruction of nail is seen in lichen planus,epidermolysis bullosa.
f) Missing nail is seen in nail patella syndrome.It is a hereditary disease.
g) Nails become brittle in raynauds disease and gangrene.
h) Falling of nail is seen in fungal infection,psoriasis and thyroid diseases.
5) Growth:-
Reduction in blood supply affects the growth of nails. Nail growth is also affected in severe ilness. when the disease disappears the growth starts again resulting in formation of transverse ridges.These lines are called Beau’s lines and are healpful to date the onset of illness.
Posted in health care limb, health tips, Nail | 
Tags: abnormal findings, anaemia, Auto, chronic renal failure, colour appearance, congenital, Diagnosis, disease diagnosis, disease introduction, dorsal surface, Draft, finger nails, function, grip, Health, health and hygiene, leuconychia, life threatening diseases, nail, nail bed, nail matrix, nail plate, person, probable causes, skin, SLE, subacute, surface, tip, tissue, toe, toe nails | 
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Combing Hair
Combing Hair
Hair combing is a routine activity of almost all people.Some people keep a particular hair style throughout their life and some especially younger generation adopt new styles according to new trends and fashion.Hair styles has got close relation with the personality of a person.The hair of an unhygeinic person is usually tangled and dirty because of lack of washing and combing.To have a healthy scalp hair proper nutrition is needed.General health has got direct relation with the quality and quantity of hair.Regular washing,use of hair oil,proper combing ect are also needed to make the hair beautiful.General hints for combing is discussed here.
1) Different varieties of combs are available in the market.The best comb is selected by considering the nature of hair(hard or soft,long or short) ,style and convenience.
2) Combing should be done with utmost care and concentration.Some people especially gents think about some other matters and comb without any care which may be harmful to the hairs.
3) Combing should be gentle .A vigorous combing can increase hairfalling.
4) Do not comb if the hair is wet. First dry it with a towel and then put some oil and gently massage it.Now the combing will be easy and harmless.
5) Should not be combed in the opposite direction of hairs.This can increase hair falling.
6) Vigorous combing in backward direction can produce traction baldness.
7) Frequent combing can damage the scalp and the hair follicles.Those who carry pocket comb use it frequently and make it a habit.Combing two or three times in a day is sufficient.
The tooth of the comb should not be sharp and it should not be pressed too tightly on the scalp.
9) Always clean the comb before and after use because hair and dirt deposited in the gap will make combing diffucult and painful.
10) Others comb should not be used.This helps to prevent fungal and bacterial infections.Head lice can also spread from one person to other by sharing the combs.
11) Combing the tangled hair is difficult and painful.Hence use some shampoo for cleaning and after drying put oil and make the hairs free for an easy combing.
Posted in Hair, health care limb, health tips | Tags: Auto, bacterial infections, baldness, Combing, combing hair, convenience, direction, Draft, falling, fashion, fashion hair, General, habit, hair follicles, hair hair, hair oil, hair style, hair styles, head lice, life, nature, oil, person, personality, pocket comb, proper nutrition, put, routine activity, scalp hair, style, use, utmost care, younger generation | No Comments »
Tongue
Posted in health care limb, health solution, health tips | Tags: Acute, anaemia, Auto, body, characteristic changes, circulatory failure, colour, delirium tremens, diabetes, Diagnosis, disease diagnosis, Draft, fever, function, gastrointestinal system, heat exhaustion, hyponatraemia, hypovolumic shock, Introduction, mirror, muscular organ, nervous patients, obstruction, papillae, progressive bulbar palsy, rhythmic movements, state, taste, Tongue, tongue moves, tremulus, typhoid, volume depletion | Comments Closed
Appetite
Posted in health solution, suplement and vitamin | Tags: alcohol, alcoholic drink, Appetite, attendant, body, cause, consequence, contact, delicate structures, derangements, disease, drinking, drunkards, exceptions, glass of wine, Growth, habit, indulgence, latent, lifetime, physical ailments, poison, result, series, stimulant, substance, tho, time, use | Comments Closed
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy
It is a non progressive neuromuscular disorder causing mild to severe disabilities throughout life.This condition is manifested as a group of persisting qualitative motor disorders which appear in young children due to damage to the brain during delivery or due to some pathological conditions in the intrauterine life.The neuroligical problems are multiple but non progressive in nature.Approximately 2 per 100 live birth is having this problem.This disease is having no hereditary tendency.
Causes of cerebral palsy:
1) Injury to the brain during delivery.
2) As a complication of forceps delivery.
3) Lack of oxygen supply to the baby during delivery.
4) Infections during delivery.
Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy:–
The signs and symptoms may not be similar in all babies affected.Depending upon the damage to the brain there may be mild to severe lesions.
Mild cases:- 20% children will have mild disability.
Moderate cases:-50% cases are having moderate disability.The affected children require self help for assisting their impaired ambulation capacity.
Severe cases:-About 30% of the affected children are totally incapacited and bedridden and they allways need care from others.
Abnormal findings in cerebral palsy:-
1,Abnormal neonatal reflexes.
2,Stiffness of all muscles with awkward motion.
3,Extention of extremities on vertical suspension of the infant.
4,Scissoring of the lower limbs due to spasm of the adductor muscles of the thigh.
5,In severe cases the back bend backwards like and arch.
6,May have total or partial paralysis.
7,Arrest of neurological and behavioral developement.
8,Swallowing may be difficult in some cases.
9,Drooling of saliva.
10,Mild to severe mental retardations.
11,Abnormal movements are seen in some cases.
12,Tremors with typical movements.
13,If cerebellum is affected there will be loss of muscle tone with difficulty in walking.
14,Complete or partial loss of hearing.
15,Speech may be affected.
16,Squint and other visual problems may be associated.
17,Convulsions may be seen in some children.
Cerebral palsy is diagnosed by detailed clinical examination and by eliminating other similar diseases like brain tumour, progressive atrophy ect.All investigations like CT scan,MRI and routine investigations are needed to ruleout other diseases.
Management of carebral palsy:–
General management:
This includes proper nutrition and personal care. Symptomatic medicines are needed to reduce convulsions and muscle stiffness. Diazepam can reduce spasticity and athetosis.
Dantrolene sodium helps to relax skeletal muscles.
Physiotherapy:
Here massage,exercise, hydrotherapy and ect are needed.Special training is given to train walking,swallowing and talking.The affected children are also trained to hold articles for routine activities.
Rehabilitation:
Moral and social support should be given to these children.They should be send to special schools where special training can be given by trained staff.Mentally retarded children need special training.Depending up on the disabitity special instruments and machines are given for locomotion and to assist their daytoday activities.
Occupational therapy:
This is given by occupational therapists.They train the disabled people to do some suitable works so that these people can have their own income.
Posted in disease, health solution, health tips | Tags: Abnormal, abnormal findings, abnormal movements, adductor muscles, birth, causes of cerebral palsy, Cerebral, delivery signs, disease, help, hereditary tendency, intrauterine life, lack of oxygen, life, loss, Moderate, moderate cases, motor, nature, neonatal, neonatal reflexes, oxygen, oxygen supply, Palsy, partial paralysis, progressive neuromuscular disorder, self, signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy, symptoms of cerebral palsy, training | No Comments »
Keeping Healthy on a Budget – Cheap Vitamins
Keeping Healthy on a Budget – Cheap Vitamins
So, cheap vitamins are even now up while in the air with you? Maybe it’s the idea that they’re unreliable with regards to quality? I used to think that way. I used to spend hundreds of dollars every month, acquiring top from the line vitamins; that is certainly, until I did my research.
Cheap, or low cost vitamins, include the exact identical ingredients as the additional costly designer brands sold over the internet and in outlets throughout the United States. Low cost vitamins can save you a ton of money – for example, a designer brand “men’s multivitamin” can cost over $40 for a 90-day supply. Conversely, a less expensive generic multivitamin can be purchased for $10 or a smaller amount. Less pricey vitamins still meet all US high quality standards and are tested independently earlier than getting placed on the market. A large majority of these vitamins have high manufacturing standards, are just as helpful as the further costly brands, and provide additional competitive pricing. So how can you beat it?
Even though food is the primary source of vitamins and nutrients necessary by our bodies, we numerous instances can not achieve correct daily intake levels via diet alone. Vitamins, no matter whether generic or designer, provide us the ability to supplement our diets with these vital nutrients. When taken using a meal, a multivitamin is broken down and also the nutrients are absorbed by the body during digestion. In essence, whether vitamins are low cost or high priced, they are even now offering your body the similar nutrients, and they will nevertheless be absorbed into your system effectively. Even though liquid and powder vitamins might provide a slightly higher and somewhat faster absorption rate (than tablets), these vitamins are commencing to be offered in generic form too. What pay $30 for a liquid vitamin that has the same effects as an $8 version? Again folks, the counts are accurate, the absorption rate might be about the similar, and the nutrient counts are similar from brand to brand.
Another essential factor to keep in mind is that cheap and brand name don’t always have a negative correlation. Lots of belonging to the nation’s top brands, especially mail order brands, offer very low prices on vitamins. Cheap vitamin specials, like buy 1 bottle get 1 free of charge, and free of charge shipping offers, are both for sale through some vitamin retailers. Although these vitamins might be a lot additional low-priced, high quality doesn\’t suffer – in truth, many people prefer these over leading brand name vitamins that cost 3-4 times as much!
In the end, it’s very important to keep in mind that vitamin supplementation doesn’t have to break your bank account. Vitamins come in many forms, and absorption and effectiveness are not going to vary too much from brand to brand. Do your investigation and see what kinds of deals and specials you can find on vitamins and nutrients. Try to find a reputable established brand; but also one that offers lower cost, and even downright cheap vitamin supplements. Vitamins are a great thing, and nobody ought to be without them since they’re concerned about quality and value. The fact is, high quality equals the nutrient counts and rewards achieved from vitamins; not the price tag related to them.
Posted in drug, suplement and vitamin | Tags: absorption, absorption rate, amount, body, brand men, Budget, cheap vitamins, designer brands, diet, diets, digestion, essence, high quality, idea, instances, Keeping, line, liquid vitamin, Low, manufacturing, multivitamin, nutrient, primary source, quality standards, rate, vital nutrients, Vitamins, way | No Comments »
Acne Solution
Acne Solution
People who suffer from acne breakouts know that finding a remedy that works is not the easiest thing to do. You’ll find many on the market acne solutions in the market that picking which one make use of can become rather problematic. Consumers grow to be easily confused specifically with all the marketing hype that goes with boosting sales for all workable acne solutions and remedies available. The easiest thing to do when choosing an acne solution is to initial separate the facts from fiction, and start on getting an appropriate acne solution from there.
Persons, both adolescents and adults, who suffer from acne breakouts can testify towards the embarrassment the acne causes them. This produces these persons prone to believing every thing they hear about all doable acne solutions, and thereby trying them out for themselves. Determining the truth from myth is an excellent way to keep away from wasting your time on false information that could possibly do you much more harm. You can find a variety of often suggested acne solutions; find out which ones function and which ones are simply myths.
Its frequently said, particularly on advertisements, that the ideal acne solutions are those cleansers and facial washes laden with chemicals and medication. These medicated cleansers are usually helpful in some cases; however, they can also make your skin drier, which in turn can make your skin create further oil. The use of heavily medicated cleansers is not the only solution. Having acne breakouts are generally extraordinarily uncomfortable and using such products can further irritate your skin. The ideal foundation for treating acne is an excellent and efficient cleansing routine; attempt using a milder cleanser rather than the advertised acne solutions. An excellent mild cleanser can actually job greater compared to some acne cleansers sold in the market these days.
You should also keep in mind that acne is not a contagious condition; however, pimples do have some material which could lead towards the development of further spots if spread. One of the greatest acne solutions is to keep away from touching your pimples. This way, you avoid the further growth of pimples, and you also avoid irritating your skin any further.
Another thing that has long been mentioned to bring about acne is the intake of chocolate and oily foods – this is not true. What is true, is that a sensible and nutritious diet affects your overall health, which can then affect how your skin looks. Having a healthful and well balanced eating habits is yet another useful and safe and sound acne answer.
You will find no speedy fixes towards the acne problem. Acne solutions and remedy procedures do job; however, these things take time. There is no overnight solution; your acne remedies will work, all it takes is time and a little bit of patience in your component.
Posted in facial care, health solution | Tags: Acne, acne breakouts, acne cleansers, acne solution, acne solutions, adolescents, attempt, contagious condition, development, diet, easiest thing, embarrassment, false information, fiction, foundation, harm, hype, irritate, mild cleanser, mind, myths, oil, skin, time, treating acne, truth, use, wasting your time, way | Comments Closed